Fundamental Considerations in Language Testing /

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autor Principal:	Bachman, Lyle F.
Formato:	Libro
Lengua:	inglés
Datos de publicación:	Oxford : Oxford University Press, 1995.
Series:	Oxford applied linguistics
Temas:	Exámenes Lenguas Enseñanza de idiomas
Notas:	Ej. 1 de 1990
Descripción Física:	xi, 408 p.
ISBN:	0194370038

Tabla de Contenidos:

Measurement
Uses of Language Test
Communicative Language Ability
Test Methods
Reliability
Validation
Some Persistent Problems and Future Directions

foreach (glob($this->path . '/sess_*') as $filename) { if (filemtime($filename) + $maxlifetime < time()) { unlink($filename); } } return true; } /** * A function that is called internally when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sessId The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ protected function saveSession($sessId, $data): bool { $sessFile = $this->path . '/sess_' . $sessId; if ($handle = fopen($sessFile, 'w')) { $return = false; // Lock the file for exclusive access to avoid issues with multiple // processes writing session simultaneously: if (flock($handle, LOCK_EX)) { $return = fwrite($handle, $data); // Make sure that there's no trailing data by truncating the file to // the correct length: ftruncate($handle, strlen($data)); fflush($handle); flock($handle, LOCK_UN); } fclose($handle); if ($return !== false) { return true; } } // If we got this far, something went wrong with the file output... // It is tempting to throw an exception here, but this code is called // outside of the context of exception handling, so all we can do is // echo a message.

// Anecdotal testing Today and Yesterday seems to indicate destroy() // is called by the garbage collector and everything is good. // Something to keep in mind though. return true; } /** * Write function that is called when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sessId The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ public function write($sessId, $data): bool { if ($this->writesDisabled) { return true; } return $this->saveSession($sessId, $data); } /** * A function that is called internally when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sessId The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ abstract protected function saveSession($sessId, $data): bool; }

* * @return void */ public function writeClose() { // The assumption is that we're using PHP's ext/session. // session_write_close() will actually overwrite $_SESSION with an // empty array on completion -- which leads to a mismatch between what // is in the storage object and $_SESSION. To get around this, we // temporarily reset $_SESSION to an array, and then re-link it to // the storage object. // // Additionally, while you _can_ write to $_SESSION following a // session_write_close() operation, no changes made to it will be // flushed to the session handler. As such, we now mark the storage // object isImmutable. $storage = $this->getStorage(); if (! $storage->isImmutable()) { $_SESSION = $storage->toArray(true); session_write_close(); $storage->fromArray($_SESSION); $storage->markImmutable(); } } /** * Attempt to set the session name * * If the session has already been started, or if the name provided fails * validation, an exception will be raised. * * @param string $name * @return SessionManager * @throws Exception\InvalidArgumentException */ public function setName($name) { if ($this->sessionExists()) { throw new Exception\InvalidArgumentException( 'Cannot set session name after a session has already started'

Environment & details:

GET Data empty

POST Data empty

Files empty

Cookies empty

Session

Key	Value
__Laminas	array:2 [`"_REQUEST_ACCESS_TIME" => 1738378265.393 "_VALID" => array:1 [ "Laminas\Session\Validator\Id" => "s63k3k0e2iqnofl0vu1jmdis0l" ]`]
SessionState	Laminas\Stdlib\ArrayObject {#905}
FlashMessenger	Laminas\Stdlib\ArrayObject {#1506}
SessionHelper	Laminas\Stdlib\ArrayObject {#1658}

Server/Request Data

Key	Value
REDIRECT_VUFIND_ENV	"development"
REDIRECT_VUFIND_LOCAL_DIR	"/usr/local/vufind/local"
REDIRECT_HTTPS	"on"
REDIRECT_SSL_TLS_SNI	"catalogo.bibliotecas.unlp.edu.ar"
REDIRECT_STATUS	"200"
VUFIND_ENV	"development"
VUFIND_LOCAL_DIR	"/usr/local/vufind/local"
HTTPS	"on"
SSL_TLS_SNI	"catalogo.bibliotecas.unlp.edu.ar"
HTTP_ACCEPT	"/"
HTTP_USER_AGENT	"Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)"
HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING	"gzip, br, zstd, deflate"
HTTP_HOST	"catalogo.bibliotecas.unlp.edu.ar"
PATH	"/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/snap/bin"
SERVER_SIGNATURE	"<address>Apache/2.4.52 (Ubuntu) Server at catalogo.bibliotecas.unlp.edu.ar Port 443</address>\n"
SERVER_SOFTWARE	"Apache/2.4.52 (Ubuntu)"
SERVER_NAME	"catalogo.bibliotecas.unlp.edu.ar"
SERVER_ADDR	"172.17.0.170"
SERVER_PORT	"443"
REMOTE_ADDR	"3.131.38.184"
DOCUMENT_ROOT	"/usr/local/vufind/public"
REQUEST_SCHEME	"https"
CONTEXT_PREFIX	""
CONTEXT_DOCUMENT_ROOT	"/usr/local/vufind/public"
SERVER_ADMIN	"webmaster@bibliotecas.unlp.edu.ar"
SCRIPT_FILENAME	"/usr/local/vufind/public/index.php"
REMOTE_PORT	"42473"
REDIRECT_URL	"/Record/dhu.koha25315/TOC"
GATEWAY_INTERFACE	"CGI/1.1"
SERVER_PROTOCOL	"HTTP/1.1"
REQUEST_METHOD	"GET"
QUERY_STRING	""
REQUEST_URI	"/Record/dhu.koha25315/TOC"
SCRIPT_NAME	"/index.php"
PHP_SELF	"/index.php"
REQUEST_TIME_FLOAT	1738378265.3823
REQUEST_TIME	1738378265

Environment Variables empty

Registered Handlers

0. Whoops\Handler\PrettyPageHandler

Environment & details:

GET Data empty

POST Data empty

Files empty

Cookies empty

Session

Key	Value
__Laminas	array:2 [`"_REQUEST_ACCESS_TIME" => 1738378265.393 "_VALID" => array:1 [ "Laminas\Session\Validator\Id" => "s63k3k0e2iqnofl0vu1jmdis0l" ]`]
SessionState	Laminas\Stdlib\ArrayObject {#905}
FlashMessenger	Laminas\Stdlib\ArrayObject {#1506}
SessionHelper	Laminas\Stdlib\ArrayObject {#1658}

Server/Request Data

Key	Value
REDIRECT_VUFIND_ENV	"development"
REDIRECT_VUFIND_LOCAL_DIR	"/usr/local/vufind/local"
REDIRECT_HTTPS	"on"
REDIRECT_SSL_TLS_SNI	"catalogo.bibliotecas.unlp.edu.ar"
REDIRECT_STATUS	"200"
VUFIND_ENV	"development"
VUFIND_LOCAL_DIR	"/usr/local/vufind/local"
HTTPS	"on"
SSL_TLS_SNI	"catalogo.bibliotecas.unlp.edu.ar"
HTTP_ACCEPT	"/"
HTTP_USER_AGENT	"Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)"
HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING	"gzip, br, zstd, deflate"
HTTP_HOST	"catalogo.bibliotecas.unlp.edu.ar"
PATH	"/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/snap/bin"
SERVER_SIGNATURE	"<address>Apache/2.4.52 (Ubuntu) Server at catalogo.bibliotecas.unlp.edu.ar Port 443</address>\n"
SERVER_SOFTWARE	"Apache/2.4.52 (Ubuntu)"
SERVER_NAME	"catalogo.bibliotecas.unlp.edu.ar"
SERVER_ADDR	"172.17.0.170"
SERVER_PORT	"443"
REMOTE_ADDR	"3.131.38.184"
DOCUMENT_ROOT	"/usr/local/vufind/public"
REQUEST_SCHEME	"https"
CONTEXT_PREFIX	""
CONTEXT_DOCUMENT_ROOT	"/usr/local/vufind/public"
SERVER_ADMIN	"webmaster@bibliotecas.unlp.edu.ar"
SCRIPT_FILENAME	"/usr/local/vufind/public/index.php"
REMOTE_PORT	"42473"
REDIRECT_URL	"/Record/dhu.koha25315/TOC"
GATEWAY_INTERFACE	"CGI/1.1"
SERVER_PROTOCOL	"HTTP/1.1"
REQUEST_METHOD	"GET"
QUERY_STRING	""
REQUEST_URI	"/Record/dhu.koha25315/TOC"
SCRIPT_NAME	"/index.php"
PHP_SELF	"/index.php"
REQUEST_TIME_FLOAT	1738378265.3823
REQUEST_TIME	1738378265

Environment Variables empty

Registered Handlers

0. Whoops\Handler\PrettyPageHandler

Fundamental Considerations in Language Testing /

Ejemplares similares

Environment & details:

Environment & details: