Todo era América: Despoblación rural y políticas de inmigración (1850-1930)

Detalles Bibliográficos
Publicado en:	Mundo Agrario. Vol. 10 No. 20 (2010) 10. La Plata : Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación. Centro de Estudios Histórico Rurales, 2010-06-03
Autor Principal:	Robledo Hernández, Ricardo
Formato:	Artículo
Temas:	Migración Mercado de trabajo Esclavismo Políticas de inmigración Emigration Work-market Slavery Immigration policies
Acceso en línea:	https://www.memoria.fahce.unlp.edu.ar/art_revistas/pr.4166/pr.4166.pdf http://www.mundoagrario.unlp.edu.ar/article/view/v10n20a01
Resumen:	Hasta principios del siglo XX la región de Castilla y León no figuraba en el cómputo de las regiones migratorias, situadas básicamente en la periferia mediterránea o en el noroeste español. En este texto se examinan brevemente las causas de este débil pulso migratorio como las que provocaron luego el éxodo masivo a América. Se exponen luego muy sumariamente las políticas migratorias de Argentina, Cuba y Brasil, principales países a los que se dirigían los castellanos. Teniendo en cuenta la decisiva importancia que la emigración española desempeñó en la formación del mercado de trabajo, podremos conocer mejor la evolución del fenómeno migratorio si examinamos cuándo y por qué se plantearon las distintas políticas de inmigración. Finalmente se analiza cómo se concretaron esas políticas de inmigración para conocer los grados de preferencia por un tipo u otro de emigrantes. Until the early XXth Century Castilla and Leons area did not appear as migratory regions, which were basically the Mediterranean periphery or the Spanish northeast. On this text it will be briefly examined the causes of this weak migratory pulse as well as the ones that later provoked the massive exodus to America. Afterwards it is exposed very succinctly the migratory policies of Argentina, Cuba and Brazil, which were the main destinations of the castilians. Considering the decisive significance that the spaniard immigration had on the work-market formation, we will be able to know better the evolution of the migratory phenomena if we examine when and why were recommended the different immigration policies. Finally it is analyzed how those immigration policies were applied to know the preference rating for one or another type of emigrant.

MARC


LEADER	00000nab a2200000 a 4500
001	ARTI04044
008	230422s2010####\|\|\|#####\|#########0#####d
100			\|a Robledo Hernández, Ricardo \|u Universidad de Salamanca
245	1	0	\|a Todo era América: Despoblación rural y políticas de inmigración (1850-1930)
246	3	3	\|a It was all America: rural inhabitants decrease and immigration policies (1850-1930)
041		7	\|2 ISO 639-1 \|a es
520	3		\|a Hasta principios del siglo XX la región de Castilla y León no figuraba en el cómputo de las regiones migratorias, situadas básicamente en la periferia mediterránea o en el noroeste español. En este texto se examinan brevemente las causas de este débil pulso migratorio como las que provocaron luego el éxodo masivo a América. Se exponen luego muy sumariamente las políticas migratorias de Argentina, Cuba y Brasil, principales países a los que se dirigían los castellanos. Teniendo en cuenta la decisiva importancia que la emigración española desempeñó en la formación del mercado de trabajo, podremos conocer mejor la evolución del fenómeno migratorio si examinamos cuándo y por qué se plantearon las distintas políticas de inmigración. Finalmente se analiza cómo se concretaron esas políticas de inmigración para conocer los grados de preferencia por un tipo u otro de emigrantes.
653			\|a Migración
653			\|a Mercado de trabajo
653			\|a Esclavismo
653			\|a Políticas de inmigración
520	3		\|a Until the early XXth Century Castilla and Leons area did not appear as migratory regions, which were basically the Mediterranean periphery or the Spanish northeast. On this text it will be briefly examined the causes of this weak migratory pulse as well as the ones that later provoked the massive exodus to America. Afterwards it is exposed very succinctly the migratory policies of Argentina, Cuba and Brazil, which were the main destinations of the castilians. Considering the decisive significance that the spaniard immigration had on the work-market formation, we will be able to know better the evolution of the migratory phenomena if we examine when and why were recommended the different immigration policies. Finally it is analyzed how those immigration policies were applied to know the preference rating for one or another type of emigrant.
653			\|a Emigration
653			\|a Work-market
653			\|a Slavery
653			\|a Immigration policies
856	4	0	\|u https://www.memoria.fahce.unlp.edu.ar/art_revistas/pr.4166/pr.4166.pdf
952			\|u https://www.memoria.fahce.unlp.edu.ar/art_revistas/pr.4166/pr.4166.pdf \|a MEMORIA ACADEMICA \|b MEMORIA ACADEMICA
856	4	1	\|u http://www.mundoagrario.unlp.edu.ar/article/view/v10n20a01
773	0		\|7 nnas \|t Mundo Agrario. \|g Vol. 10 No. 20 (2010) \|v 10 \|l 20 \|d La Plata : Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación. Centro de Estudios Histórico Rurales, 2010-06-03
542	1		\|f Esta obra está bajo una licencia Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.5 Argentina \|u https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/ar/

foreach (glob($this->path . '/sess_*') as $filename) { if (filemtime($filename) + $maxlifetime < time()) { unlink($filename); } } return true; } /** * A function that is called internally when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sessId The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ protected function saveSession($sessId, $data): bool { $sessFile = $this->path . '/sess_' . $sessId; if ($handle = fopen($sessFile, 'w')) { $return = false; // Lock the file for exclusive access to avoid issues with multiple // processes writing session simultaneously: if (flock($handle, LOCK_EX)) { $return = fwrite($handle, $data); // Make sure that there's no trailing data by truncating the file to // the correct length: ftruncate($handle, strlen($data)); fflush($handle); flock($handle, LOCK_UN); } fclose($handle); if ($return !== false) { return true; } } // If we got this far, something went wrong with the file output... // It is tempting to throw an exception here, but this code is called // outside of the context of exception handling, so all we can do is // echo a message.

// Anecdotal testing Today and Yesterday seems to indicate destroy() // is called by the garbage collector and everything is good. // Something to keep in mind though. return true; } /** * Write function that is called when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sessId The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ public function write($sessId, $data): bool { if ($this->writesDisabled) { return true; } return $this->saveSession($sessId, $data); } /** * A function that is called internally when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sessId The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ abstract protected function saveSession($sessId, $data): bool; }

* * @return void */ public function writeClose() { // The assumption is that we're using PHP's ext/session. // session_write_close() will actually overwrite $_SESSION with an // empty array on completion -- which leads to a mismatch between what // is in the storage object and $_SESSION. To get around this, we // temporarily reset $_SESSION to an array, and then re-link it to // the storage object. // // Additionally, while you _can_ write to $_SESSION following a // session_write_close() operation, no changes made to it will be // flushed to the session handler. As such, we now mark the storage // object isImmutable. $storage = $this->getStorage(); if (! $storage->isImmutable()) { $_SESSION = $storage->toArray(true); session_write_close(); $storage->fromArray($_SESSION); $storage->markImmutable(); } } /** * Attempt to set the session name * * If the session has already been started, or if the name provided fails * validation, an exception will be raised. * * @param string $name * @return SessionManager * @throws Exception\InvalidArgumentException */ public function setName($name) { if ($this->sessionExists()) { throw new Exception\InvalidArgumentException( 'Cannot set session name after a session has already started'

Environment & details:

GET Data empty

POST Data empty

Files empty

Key	Value
VUFIND_SESSION	"5e9l97d8voa1den4g76svqcvab"
language	"es"
ui	"standard"

Session

Key	Value
__Laminas	array:2 [`"_REQUEST_ACCESS_TIME" => 1738373093.3428 "_VALID" => array:1 [ "Laminas\Session\Validator\Id" => "5e9l97d8voa1den4g76svqcvab" ]`]
SessionState	Laminas\Stdlib\ArrayObject {#906}
FlashMessenger	Laminas\Stdlib\ArrayObject {#1507}
SessionHelper	Laminas\Stdlib\ArrayObject {#1661}

Server/Request Data

Key	Value
REDIRECT_VUFIND_ENV	"development"
REDIRECT_VUFIND_LOCAL_DIR	"/usr/local/vufind/local"
REDIRECT_HTTPS	"on"
REDIRECT_SSL_TLS_SNI	"catalogo.bibliotecas.unlp.edu.ar"
REDIRECT_STATUS	"200"
VUFIND_ENV	"development"
VUFIND_LOCAL_DIR	"/usr/local/vufind/local"
HTTPS	"on"
SSL_TLS_SNI	"catalogo.bibliotecas.unlp.edu.ar"
HTTP_ACCEPT	"/"
HTTP_USER_AGENT	"Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)"
HTTP_COOKIE	"VUFIND_SESSION=5e9l97d8voa1den4g76svqcvab; language=es; ui=standard"
HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING	"gzip, br, zstd, deflate"
HTTP_HOST	"catalogo.bibliotecas.unlp.edu.ar"
PATH	"/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/snap/bin"
SERVER_SIGNATURE	"<address>Apache/2.4.52 (Ubuntu) Server at catalogo.bibliotecas.unlp.edu.ar Port 443</address>\n"
SERVER_SOFTWARE	"Apache/2.4.52 (Ubuntu)"
SERVER_NAME	"catalogo.bibliotecas.unlp.edu.ar"
SERVER_ADDR	"172.17.0.170"
SERVER_PORT	"443"
REMOTE_ADDR	"3.141.25.185"
DOCUMENT_ROOT	"/usr/local/vufind/public"
REQUEST_SCHEME	"https"
CONTEXT_PREFIX	""
CONTEXT_DOCUMENT_ROOT	"/usr/local/vufind/public"
SERVER_ADMIN	"webmaster@bibliotecas.unlp.edu.ar"
SCRIPT_FILENAME	"/usr/local/vufind/public/index.php"
REMOTE_PORT	"33265"
REDIRECT_URL	"/Record/dhu.ARTI04044/Details"
GATEWAY_INTERFACE	"CGI/1.1"
SERVER_PROTOCOL	"HTTP/1.1"
REQUEST_METHOD	"GET"
QUERY_STRING	""
REQUEST_URI	"/Record/dhu.ARTI04044/Details"
SCRIPT_NAME	"/index.php"
PHP_SELF	"/index.php"
REQUEST_TIME_FLOAT	1738373093.3324
REQUEST_TIME	1738373093

Environment Variables empty

Registered Handlers

0. Whoops\Handler\PrettyPageHandler

Environment & details:

GET Data empty

POST Data empty

Files empty

Key	Value
VUFIND_SESSION	"5e9l97d8voa1den4g76svqcvab"
language	"es"
ui	"standard"

Session

Key	Value
__Laminas	array:2 [`"_REQUEST_ACCESS_TIME" => 1738373093.3428 "_VALID" => array:1 [ "Laminas\Session\Validator\Id" => "5e9l97d8voa1den4g76svqcvab" ]`]
SessionState	Laminas\Stdlib\ArrayObject {#906}
FlashMessenger	Laminas\Stdlib\ArrayObject {#1507}
SessionHelper	Laminas\Stdlib\ArrayObject {#1661}

Server/Request Data

Key	Value
REDIRECT_VUFIND_ENV	"development"
REDIRECT_VUFIND_LOCAL_DIR	"/usr/local/vufind/local"
REDIRECT_HTTPS	"on"
REDIRECT_SSL_TLS_SNI	"catalogo.bibliotecas.unlp.edu.ar"
REDIRECT_STATUS	"200"
VUFIND_ENV	"development"
VUFIND_LOCAL_DIR	"/usr/local/vufind/local"
HTTPS	"on"
SSL_TLS_SNI	"catalogo.bibliotecas.unlp.edu.ar"
HTTP_ACCEPT	"/"
HTTP_USER_AGENT	"Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)"
HTTP_COOKIE	"VUFIND_SESSION=5e9l97d8voa1den4g76svqcvab; language=es; ui=standard"
HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING	"gzip, br, zstd, deflate"
HTTP_HOST	"catalogo.bibliotecas.unlp.edu.ar"
PATH	"/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/snap/bin"
SERVER_SIGNATURE	"<address>Apache/2.4.52 (Ubuntu) Server at catalogo.bibliotecas.unlp.edu.ar Port 443</address>\n"
SERVER_SOFTWARE	"Apache/2.4.52 (Ubuntu)"
SERVER_NAME	"catalogo.bibliotecas.unlp.edu.ar"
SERVER_ADDR	"172.17.0.170"
SERVER_PORT	"443"
REMOTE_ADDR	"3.141.25.185"
DOCUMENT_ROOT	"/usr/local/vufind/public"
REQUEST_SCHEME	"https"
CONTEXT_PREFIX	""
CONTEXT_DOCUMENT_ROOT	"/usr/local/vufind/public"
SERVER_ADMIN	"webmaster@bibliotecas.unlp.edu.ar"
SCRIPT_FILENAME	"/usr/local/vufind/public/index.php"
REMOTE_PORT	"33265"
REDIRECT_URL	"/Record/dhu.ARTI04044/Details"
GATEWAY_INTERFACE	"CGI/1.1"
SERVER_PROTOCOL	"HTTP/1.1"
REQUEST_METHOD	"GET"
QUERY_STRING	""
REQUEST_URI	"/Record/dhu.ARTI04044/Details"
SCRIPT_NAME	"/index.php"
PHP_SELF	"/index.php"
REQUEST_TIME_FLOAT	1738373093.3324
REQUEST_TIME	1738373093

Environment Variables empty

Registered Handlers

0. Whoops\Handler\PrettyPageHandler

Todo era América: Despoblación rural y políticas de inmigración (1850-1930)

MARC

Ejemplares similares

Environment & details:

Environment & details: